شناخت و فهم پدیده خستگی شناختی مدیران؛ تحلیل عوامل اثرگذار و پیامدها با روش نقشه شناختی فازی (نمونه پژوهش: شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان استان لرستان)

نوع مقاله : مطالعه موردی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت ، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

10.47176/smok.2023.1548

چکیده

امروزه عوامل بسیاری بر روی کاهش عملکرد، کارایی و اثربخشی مدیران در سازمان­های دانش‌بنیان تأثیر گذارند که یکی از این عوامل خستگی شناختی مدیران است. خستگی شناختی مدیران به این موضوع اشاره دارد که ذهن مدیر به خاطر درگیری با مسائل غیرکارکردی، فرعی و غیرقابل اعتنا، توانش خود را به­سبب کاهش ظرفیت فکری و توانش عقلانی از دست داده و در انجام وظایف اصلی خود همانند تصمیم­گیری و برنامه­ریزی به‌گونه‌ای ضعیف عمل می­نماید. لذا پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناخت و فهم پدیده خستگی شناختی مدیران سازمان­های دانش­بنیان و تحلیل عوامل اثرگذار و پیامدها با روش شناختی فازی انجام پذیرفت. این پژوهش از لحاظ روش آمیخته و بر مبنای پژوهش کیفی و کمی است که از نظر فلسفه در زمره پژوهش­های قیاسی استقرایی می­گنجد. لذا پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی از حیث گردآوری اطلاعات در زمره پژوهش‌های اکتشافی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش خبرگان و صاحب­نظران در سازمان­های دانش‌بنیان هستند که با روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند و بر اساس اصل کفایت­نظری انتخاب شده­اند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات در بخش کیفی مصاحبه و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه است که روایی و پایایی آن­ها به ترتیب با استفاده از روایی محتوایی و روایی نظری و روش پایایی­سنجی درون کدگذار و برون کدگذار برای مصاحبه و روایی محتوایی و پایایی بازآزمون برای پرسشنامه تائید شده است. داده­های کیفی با نرم‌افزار " اطلس تی" و روش تحلیل محتوا و کدگذاری و داده­های کمی با روش نقشه شناختی فازی تحلیل گردید. نتایج این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که قرارگیری در شرایط غیرقابل کنترل و استرس­زا، فرسودگی شغلی و هیجانی مدیران و اختلال در توانایی­های شناختی به‌دلیل داشتن بیشترین درجه مرکزیت، مهم‌ترین عوامل پیشایندی خستگی شناختی مدیران سازمان­های دانش­بنیان هستند. همچنین پدیدآیی حالت انجماد فکری، کاهش انعطاف­پذیری شناختی مدیران و تضعیف توانش تحلیل مدیران به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل پسایندی خستگی شناختی مدیران سازمان­های دانش­بنیان شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognizing and understanding the phenomenon of managers' cognitive fatigue; Analysis of influencing factors and outcomes with fuzzy cognitive mapping method (research sample: knowledge-based companies in Lorestan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Shariatnejad 1
  • Masoumeh Zeydiasl 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, many factors affect the reduction of performance, efficiency and effectiveness of managers in knowledge-based organizations, one of which is the cognitive fatigue of managers. The cognitive fatigue of managers refers to the issue that the manager's mind has lost its ability due to the reduction of intellectual capacity and rational ability due to conflict with non-functional, secondary and unimportant issues and in performing its main tasks such as decision-making and planning. Rezi works in a weak way. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of recognizing and understanding the phenomenon of cognitive fatigue of managers of knowledge-based organizations and analyzing the influencing factors and consequences with the FCM method. This research is based on a mixed method and based on qualitative and quantitative research, which, from the point of view of philosophy, is included in the category of inductive comparative research. Therefore, the current research is an exploratory research in terms of practical purpose in terms of gathering information. The statistical population of the research is experts and experts in knowledge-based organizations, who were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the principle of sufficiency. The tool for collecting information is the qualitative part of the interview and the quantitative part of the questionnaire, whose validity and reliability are respectively determined by using content validity and theoretical validity, intra-coder and extra-coder reliability methods for the interview, and content validity and retest reliability for the questionnaire. It has been confirmed. Qualitative data were analyzed with Atlas.ti software and content analysis and coding method, and quantitative data were analyzed with FCM fuzzy mapping method. The results of this research indicate that being in uncontrollable and stressful situations, job and emotional burnout of managers, and impaired cognitive abilities due to having the highest degree of centrality, are the most important antecedent factors of cognitive fatigue of managers of knowledge-based organizations. . Also, the phenomenon of intellectual freezing, reducing the cognitive flexibility of managers and weakening the analysis ability of managers were identified as the most important factors behind the cognitive fatigue of managers of knowledge-based organizations

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fatigue
  • cognitive fatigue
  • cognitive fatigue of managers
  • knowledge_ based organizations

Smiley face

    Amodio, D.M., Kleiman, T & Schmid, P.C. (2015). Neural mechanisms of proactive and reactive cognitive control in social anxiet.                                                                             
    Beste, C., Kneiphof, J., & Woitalla, D. (2015). Effects of fatigue on cognitive control in neurosarcoidosis. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(4), 522-530.
    Boksem, M. A., Meijman, T. F., & Lorist, M. M. (2006). Mental fatgigue, motivation and action monitioring. Biological psychology, 72(2), 123-132.
        Brake Dj. Bates Gp. (2001). Fatigue in industrial workers under thermal stress on extended sgiftlenght, occup Med (London)., 51(7):456-63.
    Brown, r., & Schutte, n. (2006).Direct and indirect relationshipc betwiin imotionel intalligence and suvjective fatigue in university students. Journel of Psychosomatic Researh, 60, 585-593.
    Canada safety Council.Fatague. (2004). Available at: WWW.safety _ coucil.org/Info/NosH/fatigue.htm
    Chaudhuri, A., & Behan, P. O. (2000). Fatigue and basal ganglia. Journal of the neurological sciences, 179(1-2), 34-42.
      customer friendly; Hossein. (2021). Investigating the role of effective human resource management in the successful performance of government organizations. Specialized Scientific Quarterly of Research Approaches in Management and Accounting, 5(68), 67-47. [In Persian]
     Dana, Amir; Soltani, Narges; Fathizadan, Azam; and Rafii, Saleh. (2018). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mindfulness on the cognitive abilities and resilience of blind athletes. Studies in Sport Psychology, 8(27), 143-156. [In Persian]
    Deak,O.G. & Wiseheart, M. (2015) Cognitive flexiblity in young children: General or task-specific capacity?. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 138,31-53.
    Deluca, J., Helen, M., Genova, F., & Hillary, G. (2008). Neural correlates of cognitive faigue in ths Neurological Sciences, 270, 28-39.
    Dickstein, D. P., Nelson, E., Knopf, L., Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Pine, D. S., & Lebenluft, E.(2007). Cognitive flexiblity in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disiorder. Chld adolesc, 46(3), 341-355.
     Fatahi, Majid; Javadmetoli, Tahereh; And Gudari, Hossein. (2017). Investigating the relationship between leadership styles and employee burnout in Kala Amel Company. International conference on management and humanities research in Iran, period 3. [In Persian]
    Feldman, P.J., Cohen, S., Doyle, W.J., & Skoner D.P. (1999). The impact of personality on the reporting of unfouded symptoms and illness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; 77(2):370-8.
    Fera, M., De Padova, V., Di Pasquale, V., Caputo, F., Caterino, M., & Macchiaroli, R. (2020). Workers Aging Management-Human Fatigue at Work: An Experimetal Offces Study. Applied Sciences, 10(21), 7693.
   Haddadi, Samaneh (2022). The structural relationship of cognitive ability and social problem solving with regard to the mediating role of self-imbalance. Social cognition, 11(1), pp. 231-249. [In Persian]
    Hopstaken, J. F., van der Linden, D., Bakker, A. B., Kompier, M. A., & Leung, Y. K. (2016). Shifts in attention during mentalfatigue: Evidence from subjective, behavioral, physiological,and eye-traghing data. Journal of Experimental Psychological: Human Perception and Performance, 42(6), 878.
    HosseinJamil H. Renish LW.(2004) Subjective and objective evaluation of sleep and performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(3):212-226.
    Isaac, S, Oparanma, A, Neawek, L., (2021), Human Resource Technology and Organizational Survival of Telecommuinactions Firms in Nigeria, Journal of Strategic and Internet Business, 6 (3), 2127-2142.
    Ishii, A., Tanaka, M., & Watanabe, Y. (2014). Neural mechanisms of mental fatigue. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 25(4), 469-479.
     Kerami, Parisa; drinking, discovery; Tabatabai, Jafar; Sadat, Samaneh (2022). Investigating the relationship between students' academic success and brain cognitive ability. Cognitive Analytical Psychology Quarterly, 13(48)120-111. [In Persian]
     Khodaprasti Nodei, Dehghani (2022). The necessity of implementing knowledge management improvement policies in automotive companies. Geography and Human Relations, 5(2), 249-276. [In Persian]
     Khodrovan, Hassan; Biranvand, Rajabzadeh, Armin, Darabi. (2022). Investigating the relationship between librarians' personal knowledge management and human resource productivity (case study: public libraries of Khuzestan province). Knowledge Marketing and Semantic Systems Quarterly. [In Persian]
    Knoop, H., Prins, J.B., Morris, R., & Bleijenberg, G. (2010). The central role of cognitive processes in the perpetuation of chronic fatigue syndrom. Journal Psychomatic Research, 68, 489-494.
    Kofta, M., & Sedek, G. (1998). Uncontrollability as a source of cognitive exhaustion: Implications for helplessness and depression. In M. Kofta, G. Weary & G. Sedek (Eds.), Personal control in action: Cognitive and motivational mechanisms. New York: plenum Plenum Press. 391_418.
    Lauren, B., & Krupp, M.D. (2004). Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A guide to diagnosis and management. New York. Demos Medical edi; Chapter: 1, 1-20.
    Lin, F., Chen, D. G., Vance, D. E., Ball, K. K., & Mapstone, M. (2013). Longitudinal relationships between subjective fatigue, cognitive fanction, and everyday functioning in old age. International psychogeriatrics, 25(2), 275-285.
    Linden. D., Frese. M., & Meijman. T.F. (2003). Mental fatigue and the control of cognitive processes: effects on persevration and planning. Acta Psychologica 113. 45-65.
    Lindqvist, D., Hall, S., Surova, Y., Nielsen, H. M., Janelidz, S., Brundin, L., Hansson, O. (2013). Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markersin Parkinsons diseaseassociations with depression, fatigue and cognitive impairment. BrainBehav.Immun.33, 183-189.
     lyrical, beautiful; Farahani, Mohammadan. Purification; Abdulahi, Mohammad Hossein and Shokri, Omid. (2004). "The effect of cognitive fatigue and emotional intelligence on solving cognitive problems". Cognitive Science News, 6 (3 and 4), 63-74. [In Persian]
      Mirkamali; Seyed Mohammad; and Qomushi, Zahra. (2016). The relationship between transformational leadership and the empowerment of faculty members (case: Imam Khomeini University), the fifth conference on research approaches in humanities and management. [In Persian]
      Mirzai; Jalil, Zeidabadi; Rasool, Shahabi Kasab; Mohammad Reza. (2021). The effect of self-control feedback on learning to produce low, medium and maximum forces in the conditions of mental cognitive fatigue, Journal of Movement-Sports Growth and Learning, 13(43), 91-108. [In Persian]
      Mohammadzadeh; Sahar, Persian; Alireza, Khosrovabadi; Reza. (2018). The effect of cognitive fatigue on the neural efficiency of attention control in athletes: a dual regulation system model, Journal of Sports Psychology Studies, 8(30), 41-56. [In Persian]
    Neumann, D., Peterson, E.R., Underwood, L., Morton, S.M.B & Waldie, K.I. (2021). The developnent of cognitive functioning indices in iarly chaldhood. Cognitive Devilopmint. 60, 101098. DOI: 10.1016/j. cogdve. 2021.101098.
    Resk, D., Pukrop, R., Scheing, K., Haupt, W. F., & Petereit, H. F. (2006). Measuring fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis with standardized methods in German speakingareas. Fortschritte der Neurologie-psychiatrie, 74(9), 497-502.
      Rezai; Farzin, Firoz Alizadeh; Akram, Noor Mohammadi; Inspiration. (2019). The relationship between management ability and the risk management component of a fabric, Journal of Financial Accounting and Audit Research, 12(48), 23-42. [In Persian]
     Sadeghi; eyelashes; Kamkari, Kambiz and Shekarzadeh, Shahreh. (2016). Psychometric properties of the new third edition of the Woodcock-Johnson scale of cognitive abilities in primary school students. Psychometric Journal. 22(1), 94-124. [In Persian]
     Sanjabi, Amir; Karmi, Jahangir and Ayozhi, Sima. (2021). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of executive functions on improving the academic performance of Razi University probationary students. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Neurology and Psychology. 7(1), 23-36. [In Persian]
    Sedek, G., Brzezicka, A., & von Hecker, U. (2010). The unique cognitive limitation in subclinical depression: The impairrment of mental model construction. Ln A. Gruszka, G. Matthews, B. Szymura, (Eds.), Hand-book of in dividual differeces in cognition: Attention, memory, and executivecontrol.New York: Springer Science & Business Media.  335_352.
    Seligman, M. E. P., Walker, E. F., & Rosenhn, D. L. (2001). Abnormal Psychology. New York: Norton & Company.
      Sepideh Dem, Fatemeh Sadat; Zare, Hassan; Siddiqi, Shkoh; Sepehr, Golestani (2022). Investigating the impact of doctoral degree curriculum in basic medical sciences in terms of knowledge management capability from the perspective of Tehran University of Medical Sciences graduates. Shahid Sadoughi Yazd Center for Studies and Development of Medical Sciences, 17(3), 202-213. [In Persian]
    Sharpe, M. (1997). Chronic fatigue. In: D. M, Clark., C. B., Fairburn, (Eds). Science and practici of cogniteve behaviour therapy. Oxford: Oxford University. Press. 381-414.
    Sharpe, M., & Wilks, D. (2002. ABC of psychological medicine: Fatigue. British Medical Journal, 325, 480-3.
      Slavery; Hamidreza, Hashemi; Saeed, Mokhtari Nouri; Jamila (2021). Measuring the psychological empowerment of managers and its dimensions in a selected military unit, Journal of Military Medicine, 23(4), 283-290. [In Persian]
    Smith, M.R., Coutts,I.J., Marlini, M.,Deprez, D., Lenoir, M., & Marcori, SM.  (2016).  Mental fatigue impairs soccer_specific physical and technical performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(2), 267-276.
      Tahan Arzoo, Persian; Alireza. (2022). The effect of mental and muscle fatigue on spatial working memory. Journal of Cognitive Psychology and Psychiatry. 9 (2). 35-47. [In Persian]
    Trejo.L. J. (2005). Measures and Mobls for Predicting cognitive Fateigue. Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Volume 4565 of the series Lecture Notes in computer Science. pp 201-211.
    Van Cutsem, J., De Pauw, K., vandervaeren, C.,Marcora, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B. (2019). Mental fatigue impairs visuomotor response time in badminton players and controls. Psychology of sport and Exercise, 45, 101579.
    Van Cutsem, J., Marcora, S., De Pauw, K., Bailey, S., Meeusen, R., & Roelands, B. (2017). The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance: a systematic review. Sports medicine, 47(8), 1569-1588.
    Venenss, D., Patterson, S. D., Jeffries, O., & Waldron, M. (2017). The effects of mentl fatgue on cricket-relevant performance among elite players. Journal of sports sciences, 35(24), 2461-2467.
    Walker, L.A.S, Berard, J.A., Berrigan, L.I., Rees, L., & Freedman. M.S (2012). Detecting cognitive fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Method matters. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 316, 86-92.