Author Contributions aim to recognise author contributions, reduce authorship conflicts, and facilitate research collaboration. The idea was developed in 2012, led by Harvard University and the Wellcome Trust, based on input from researchers, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and publishers. The Contributions Statement provides an opportunity for authors to report and share their diverse research contributions clearly and concisely.
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Term |
Definition |
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Conceptualization |
Ideas: formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims |
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Methodology |
Development or design of methodology; creation of models |
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Software |
Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components |
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Validation |
Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/ reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs |
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Formal analysis |
Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesise study data |
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Investigation |
Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments or data/evidence collection |
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Resources |
Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools |
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Data Curation |
Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data, and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse |
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Writing - Original Draft |
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, explicitly writing the initial draft (including substantive translation) |
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Writing - Review & Editing |
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre-or postpublication stages |
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Visualization |
Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/ data presentation |
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Supervision |
Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team |
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Project administration |
Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution |
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Funding acquisition |
Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication |
Sample Author Contributions
Zhang San: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software Priya Singh.: Data curation, Writing- Original draft preparation. Wang Wu: Visualization, Investigation. Jan Jansen: Supervision.: Ajay Kumar: Software, Validation.: Sun Qi: Writing- Reviewing and Editing.